Unification Of Jammu, Kashmir And Ladakh And Dogra Rulers
EXERCISE
1. Match the Following.
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| 1.Maharaja Gulab Singh | a) Ranbir Library |
| 2. British Resident | b) First Round Table Conference |
| 3. Maharaja Hari Singh | c) 21st October, 1792 |
| 4. Maharaja Ranbir Singh | d) 1885 |
| 5. Maharaja Pratap Singh | e) Banihal cart road |
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| 1. Maharaja Gulab Singh | c) 21st October, 1792 |
| 2. British Resident | d) 1885 |
| 3. Maharaja Hari Singh | b) First Round Table Conference |
| 4. Maharaja Ranbir Singh | a) Ranbir Library |
| 5. Maharaja Pratap Singh | e) Banihal Cart road |
2. Fill in the blanks:
a) Rajtilak ceremony of Raja Gulab Singhji was performed on ______________at__________.
b) Treaty of Amritsar was signed on_________________.
c) British Indian government revived Gilgit agency in________________.
d) The Sialkot - Jammu Railway was thrown open to traffic in _____________________.
e) Zorawar Singh was born on______________________.
Answers:
b) Treaty of Amritsar was signed on_________________.
c) British Indian government revived Gilgit agency in________________.
d) The Sialkot - Jammu Railway was thrown open to traffic in _____________________.
e) Zorawar Singh was born on______________________.
Answers:
a) Rajtilak ceremony of Raja Gulab Singhji was performed on 17th June 1822 at Jiapota, Akhnoor.
b) Treaty of Amritsar was signed on 16th March 1847.
c) British Indian government revived Gilgit agency in 1935.
d) The Sialkot - Jammu Railway was thrown open to traffic in 1899.
e) Zorawar Singh was born on 13th April 1786.
3. Give answers for the following questions.
3. Give answers for the following questions.
a) Name the divisions of the state made by Maharaja Ranbir Singh.
Answer: Maharaja Ranbir Singh divided the state into number of divisions called 'Wazarats'. They are as under:
b) What were the laws made by Maharaja Hari Singh to uplift the conditions of women?
| 1. Jammu Khas | 2. Jasrota | 3. Ramnagar |
| 4. Reasi | 5. Udhampur | 6. Nowshera Khas |
| 7. Minawar | 8. Shahar - i - Khas (Srinagar) | 9. Anantnag |
| 10. Shopian | 11. Pattan | 12. Kamraj |
| 13. Muzzaffarabad |
Answer: Maharaja Hari Singh enacted these key laws to uplift women:
1. Infant Marriage Prevention Regulation (1928): Set minimum marriage age at 14 for girls and 18 for boys, with penalties of imprisonment/fines .
2. Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1931): Legalized widow remarriage and secured inheritance rights .
3. Regulation Against Immoral Trafficking (1934): Banned brothels and sex trafficking, with rehabilitation programs .
4. Compulsory Primary Education Regulation (1930): Mandated schooling for girls aged 6–11, enforced with fines .
Additional efforts included the Dhan Devi Memorial Trust (financial aid for marriages) and healthcare reforms like maternal programs .
c) When colonial government established British Residency in the state of J&K.
c) When colonial government established British Residency in the state of J&K.
Answer: Immediately after the accession to the throne by Maharaja Pratap Singh in 1885, Viceroy Dufferin (1884 - 88) appointed British Resident T.C. Plowden in the state against the consent of Maharaja Pratap Singh.
Explain the following questions
a) How and when unification of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh took place?
Answer: The unification of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh took place under Maharaja Gulab Singh in the mid-19th century.
In 1834–1836, his general Zorawar Singh conquered Ladakh.
In 1840, Baltistan was also annexed.
After the First Anglo-Sikh War, the British sold Kashmir to Gulab Singh under the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846.
Thus, by 1846, Jammu, Kashmir, Ladakh, Baltistan, and Gilgit were unified into one princely state ruled by Maharaja Gulab Singh.
b) How and why the colonial government started intervention in the state?
Answer: The colonial government began intervening in Jammu and Kashmir after the Treaty of Amritsar (1846), which made it a princely state under British suzerainty.
- How:
1. By appointing a British Resident to supervise the Maharaja’s rule.
2. By taking direct control of strategic areas like Gilgit (in 1889).
Through treaties and political pressure.
- Why:
1. To protect British strategic interests near the Russian and Chinese borders.
2. To ensure the loyalty of the Maharaja.
3. To maintain control over frontier regions during the “Great Game.”
c)
Lets Discuss
4. Discuss the role of Maharaja Ranbir Singh in the field of education?
Answer; Eradication of illiteracy from the state and promotion of education received due attention during Maharaja Ranbir's reign. Institution such as the Raghunath Temple Pathsala, a library and a Mahavidyalya were established. The Dogra court patronized all languages and scripts. Maharaja's unprecedented zeal for dissemination of knowledge resulted in the establishment of Ranbir Press in 1882 CE. Maharaja Ranbir Singh believed in providing education for all classes of its subjects and founded a few state sponsored institutions.
5. Briefly describe the steps taken by Maharaja Hari Singh to ameliorate the position of women in the state?
Answer; Maharaja Hari Singh on his accession to the throne took stringent measures to eradicate the evil practices and ameliorate the position of women. Some of them are as under;
Answer; Taking cue from the annually visiting Ramleela and Rasleela companies from Mathura and Vrindravan, the state also patronized local theatrical groups both in Jammu and Kashmir region. The first native performing group was Raghunath Theatrical Company which was set up inside the premises of Raghunath Temple. In the later years of Dogra rule, the Dogri Sanstha established in 1943 AD promoted Dogra culture and initiated the process of performing original Dogri plays like Baba Jitto, Sarpanch, Nama Gran, etc.
During the 19th and 20th century, Jammu and Kashmir region had active regional folk theaters like Tamachra, Bhagtain and Haran. Similarly, Bhands were the traditional folk entertainers of Kashmir. Some other effective oral story telling traditions such as Ladi Shah and Dastan Goi remained instrumental in communicating the events of the past in simple and straightforward manner.
7. Highlight the major public welfare works under taken during the Dogra period in Jammu and Kashmir.
Answer; The major public welfare works under taken during the Dogra period in Jammu and Kashmir are discussed as under;
1. Established of Local Self Government;- The state government took initiative and passed Municipal Act of 1886 to give representation to the common people in the local bodies. Thus Municipalities were set up in the capital towns of Jammu and Kashmir.
2. Roads and Railways;
4. Public Health Care;- The first dispensary in Srinagar was opened by Reverend Robert Clark in 1864. Next year, another dispensary was opened by Dr. Elmsile. In 1874 Maharaja Ranbir Singh granted site beneath the Shankracharya hill for hospital that came to be known as Drugjan Hospital. During the reign of Maharaja Hari Singh, Sri Maharaja Gulab Singh Hospital (SMGS) was established in Jammu and Sri Maharaja Hari Singh Hospital (SMHS) was opened in Srinagar.
Answer; Eradication of illiteracy from the state and promotion of education received due attention during Maharaja Ranbir's reign. Institution such as the Raghunath Temple Pathsala, a library and a Mahavidyalya were established. The Dogra court patronized all languages and scripts. Maharaja's unprecedented zeal for dissemination of knowledge resulted in the establishment of Ranbir Press in 1882 CE. Maharaja Ranbir Singh believed in providing education for all classes of its subjects and founded a few state sponsored institutions.
5. Briefly describe the steps taken by Maharaja Hari Singh to ameliorate the position of women in the state?
Answer; Maharaja Hari Singh on his accession to the throne took stringent measures to eradicate the evil practices and ameliorate the position of women. Some of them are as under;
- A special trust called Dhandevi Memorial Trust was created. This trust extended financial help to the girls at the time of their marriage out of Dhandevi Knaya Fund.
- To prevent child marriage, Maharaja passed Infant Marriage Prevention Regulation in 1928 AD.
- Widow Remarriage Act and Property Regulation of 1931 AD gave liberty to the widows to remarry and live their lives according to their own will.
Answer; Taking cue from the annually visiting Ramleela and Rasleela companies from Mathura and Vrindravan, the state also patronized local theatrical groups both in Jammu and Kashmir region. The first native performing group was Raghunath Theatrical Company which was set up inside the premises of Raghunath Temple. In the later years of Dogra rule, the Dogri Sanstha established in 1943 AD promoted Dogra culture and initiated the process of performing original Dogri plays like Baba Jitto, Sarpanch, Nama Gran, etc.
During the 19th and 20th century, Jammu and Kashmir region had active regional folk theaters like Tamachra, Bhagtain and Haran. Similarly, Bhands were the traditional folk entertainers of Kashmir. Some other effective oral story telling traditions such as Ladi Shah and Dastan Goi remained instrumental in communicating the events of the past in simple and straightforward manner.
7. Highlight the major public welfare works under taken during the Dogra period in Jammu and Kashmir.
Answer; The major public welfare works under taken during the Dogra period in Jammu and Kashmir are discussed as under;
1. Established of Local Self Government;- The state government took initiative and passed Municipal Act of 1886 to give representation to the common people in the local bodies. Thus Municipalities were set up in the capital towns of Jammu and Kashmir.
2. Roads and Railways;
- a. Jhelum Valley Cart Road linking Srinagar with Peshawar via Kohala and Muree was completed in 1895 CE.
- b. The work on Gilgit Road was started in 1890 CE which linked the state with Europe through Central Asia.
- c . Banihal Cart Road and Ladakh Road were also constructed.
- d. Railway was also laid down between Jammu and Sialkote in 1905 AD
4. Public Health Care;- The first dispensary in Srinagar was opened by Reverend Robert Clark in 1864. Next year, another dispensary was opened by Dr. Elmsile. In 1874 Maharaja Ranbir Singh granted site beneath the Shankracharya hill for hospital that came to be known as Drugjan Hospital. During the reign of Maharaja Hari Singh, Sri Maharaja Gulab Singh Hospital (SMGS) was established in Jammu and Sri Maharaja Hari Singh Hospital (SMHS) was opened in Srinagar.
5. Write short note on Thanka art and Cham dance of Ladakh.
Answer: 'Thanka' are type of paintings on cotton, silk applique where as 'Chams' is the sacred mask dance of Ladakh. They form an important part of the life of the people of this region. 'Thanka' paintings are often displayed on the walls of Buddhist monasteries while the 'Chams' is performed on the occasion of Buddhist festivals.
.jpeg "Chams Dance of Ladakh") |
| Chams Dance of Ladakh |
.jpeg "Thanka Paintings Of Ladakh") |
| Thanka Paintings of Ladakh |
If you have any doubt, suggestion or question, feel free to contact us.